Flux Monitoring for PHM in Motor
Flux Monitoring for PHM in Motor
"Nonetheless, after many years now, the consensus is that there is no method based on a single quantity that can provide a comprehensive knowledge of the machine's health conditions. Most commercialised techniques are based on motor current signature analysis (MCSA), which has been proved to be susceptible to false/missed alarms."
Airgap and stray magnetic flux monitoring techniques for fault diagnosis of electrical machines: An overview - Mazaheri‐Tehrani - 2022 - IET Electric Power Applications - Wiley Online Library
Throughout the literature, the most frequently used flux sensors to measure the stray flux in electrical machines are coreless coils, normally known as research coils. Some authors use rectangular-shaped coils. Only a few authors use other types of sensors such as giant magneto resistive (GMR) or tunneling magneto resistive sensors (TMR). The general operation principle dictates that the sensors supply an induced voltage, which is proportional to the derivative of the flux. The induced voltage is then recorded and analyzed with appropriate signal processing methods. The positioning of the sensor on the machine is also important as it can lead to the measurement of either the axial or the radial component of the stray flux. Other industrial sensors, not often used for electrical machine monitoring, are the flux gate sensors or the hall effect sensor. However, many researchers design their own sensors adapted to the size of the machine.
Sensors | Free Full-Text | Stray Flux Sensor Core Impact on the Condition Monitoring of Electrical Machines | HTML
Hall Effect as Flux Sensor
This work introduces a smart-sensor based on primary hall effect sensors, which is able to capture the stray flux in different directions in its axial, radial, and combination of both components (by installing it in just one position on the frame).
The stray flux can be analyzed through its two magnetic components: axial and radial stray flux. It is known that the axial field is generated by currents in the stator end windings or rotor cage end ring and is located in a plane that comprises the machine axis, while the radial field is located in a plane perpendicular to the machine axis.
Sensors | Free Full-Text | Smart-Sensor for the Automatic Detection of Electromechanical Faults in Induction Motors Based on the Transient Stray Flux Analysis | HTML
Online Detection of Rotor Eccentricity and Demagnetization Faults in PMSMs Based on Hall-Effect Field Sensor Measurements | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore
Magnetoresistive sensor
TMR >> GMR >> AMR >> Hall-Effect
Honeywell SM353LT Magneto resistive (GMR) Sensor
Honeywell 2SS52M
Honeywell HMC5883L - AMR not GMR
QMC5883L
BMM150 Magnetic sensor
PENGEMBANGAN SENSOR MAGNETIK MAGNETORESISTIF (MR) UNTUK APLIKASI KOMPAS ELEKTRONIK | Umar | Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Infineon TLI493D-W2BW
NVE AA002-02E NVE AA002-02E GMR Magnetic Sensor | Rhopoint Components
NVE Corporation announced the new SM124-10E Smart Magnetometer. The new sensor combines a Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor element with elegant digital signal processing.
Using magnetic sensors with Arduino - Blog - Arduino - element14 Community
NVE AAL004 magnetometer sensor,
SM124-10E Smart Magnetometer
SM255 Smart TMR Magnetometer
One of this advantages is that the GMR sensor has a large detection range of magnetic strength with different levels of output voltage. Additionally, the sensitivity of the device is improved due to the embedded magnetic flux concentrators.
The Hall device is an alternative choice for magnetic flux signal detection. Once an electron is influenced by a magnetic field, it will be affected by the Lorentz force which leads to a perpendicular move in the direction of both the magnetic field and of the movement of the electron. In this case, if there is a current flowing through a magnetic field, a difference in the electrons will appear between two sides, which is the output of the Hall devices. In practice, the output of a Hall device is quite small, and therefore a built-in amplifier is need to magnify the signal and reduce noise. In these circumstances, the outputs of most Hall devices are absolute values.
Liu, Z.: Stray magnetic field based health monitoring of electrical machines. Ph.D. thesis, Newcastle University (2018)
Infineon TLE5501B or TLI5501B
3 Axis TMR Linear SensorTMR2301
TMR2905 from MultiDimension Technology
Other examples
The stray flux sensor was composed of a C-shaped ferrite nucleus, on which 300 turns of 0.112 mm diameter wire were wound. The sensor was located on the final part of the body of the motor, with its longitudinal axis parallel to the axis of the motor.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Automated Rolling Bearing Diagnostics in Induction Motors Based on Electromagnetic Signals
References:
Stray Flux Multi-Sensor for Stator Fault - ProQuest
Airgap and stray magnetic flux monitoring techniques for fault diagnosis of electrical machines: An overview - Mazaheri‐Tehrani - 2022 - IET Electric Power Applications - Wiley Online Library
Sensors | Free Full-Text | Stray Flux Sensor Core Impact on the Condition Monitoring of Electrical Machines | HTML
Magnetoresistive vs. Hall Effect in Sensor Applications - Support / FAQs - Engineering and Component Solution Forum - TechForum │ Digi-Key
